We know the history of the conquest of Jerusalem in 637 AD during the reign of Umar. 463 years later, in 1099, Jerusalem fell to the Crusaders. Jerusalem was then under the Shiite Fatimid Empire and the Fatimid ruler was al-Mustali. He was unmoved by the fall of Jerusalem.
At the same time, Mostaji was the Abbasid emperor in Baghdad. He went mad to save Jerusalem, wherever he found a Muslim ruler. Many Muslim generals have tried to retake Jerusalem, but without success. Finally, after 88 years, in 1187, Salauddin Ayubi succeeded.
Only 43 years later, the Muslims lost control of Jerusalem for 16 years from 1229 to 1244. When Saladin died in 1193, the Ayyubid rule was weakened. His brother Al Adil consolidated the Salanat somewhat. When he died in 1218, weakness arose again in Ayubi Salana.
The Sixth Crusade began in 1228 when Adil's son Al-Kamil was in power. At that time, his nephew Al Nasir was fighting with Kamil for power in Syria. Camille made a deal with the Crusaders to remove Nasir. He ceded many important areas, including Jerusalem, to the Crusaders for 10 years.
When Kamil died in 1238, his son Al Adil II came to power. He was as infirm as his father. On this occasion, the Crusaders completely occupied Jerusalem by 1239-41. Extreme Atharva II Adil was deposed by his brother As Salih Nazimuddin Ayubi in 1240.
This As-Salih was the best Sultan among the descendants of Saladin Ayubi. As soon as he came to power, he began preparations for the restoration of Jerusalem. In 1231, he recruited soldiers from the Khwarizm Empire, which had been destroyed by the Mongols. The biggest surprise of his preparation was the Mamluks of Egypt.
Al-Salih used the Mamluks in war. The commander of the Mamluks was 19-year-old Ruknuddin Bibers (The Panther). They laid siege to Jerusalem on 15 July 1244 and quickly captured it on what is now (23 August). The whole Crusader world was shaken and they declared a rescue operation in Jerusalem.
At that time, the crusaders were joined by Syrian Ayubi Amir Ismail, Al Nasir Dawood and Al Ashraf. They agreed to hand over Jerusalem to the Crusaders in exchange for the fall of As-Salih. Al-Nasser himself came to the battlefield of the Crusaders with 3,000 troops, including about 2,000 cavalry.
The final battle took place on October 16-18, 1244, known in history as the Battle of La Farbi or the Battle of Hiribia or the Battle of Gaza. Here al-Salih faced the combined forces of the Kingdom of Jerusalem, the Crusading Order (the forces reserved for the Crusades), the King of Damascus, the Emperor of Homs, the King of Kerak, and the Ayyubid Emir.
The Tunic Knight, the Knights Templar, the Knights Hospitaller, the Kingdom of Jerusalem, the Kingdom of Tripoli, the Crusaders of the Syrian Ayyubids were formed. The number of the army of the alliance was more than 16 thousand. Al-Salih came forward with an army of Khwarizm and Mamluks. His army numbered about 10,000.
The two armies clashed on 17 October at La Forby, near Gaza. The well-organized crusaders attacked the Muslim forces with great speed. Their knights charge simultaneously in all directions and continue to fight, maintaining the initial line-up. On this day the Muslim forces only repulsed the attack.
On 16 October the Desperate Khawarizmids were tasked with attacking the center of the Crusades. In their first attack, the center of the Crusades was destroyed. Achieving the target very quickly, they attacked the left wing of the Crusaders and continued to tear them to pieces.
Meanwhile the well-equipped Crusader Knights started attacking the Mamluks. As the Mamluks retreated, they became excited and moved forward. When the Khawarizmis start attacking them from behind, they can understand the tactics of Ruknuddin Bibers. By then, they have started to cut.
About 6,000 Crusaders died. Knight Templar Grandmaster Hermann de Lovoi, his sons John and William, Master of the Temple, Marshal of the Temple, Archbishop of Tire, Bishop of Lida, Ramler St. George, Lord of Botron সবাই all were killed. Al-Nasser's forces in Syria were almost destroyed, but he managed to escape alive.
Only 33 Templars, 26 Hospitallers and 3 Teutonic Knights survived the Crusades. About 800 people, including many important generals and knights, were taken prisoner. Although Saladin Ayubi recaptured Jerusalem in 117, Christian power survived. But after the Battle of La Forbie in 1244, Christian power was exhausted.
Rukn Uddin Bibers, one of the best warriors in Muslim history, emerged through this campaign; Who suppressed the Mongols and the Crusaders for the next two decades. And, for 12 years from 1244, Jerusalem was under Muslim occupation. With the fall of the Ottoman rule, the Muslims lost control of Jerusalem in 1917, which is still not restored.
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