Animal Farm is a metaphorical satirical novel by British novelist George Orwell. This satirical novel was first published in English literature of the twentieth century on 18 August 1945 in Daputa. According to George Orwell, the book reflects the events of the Russian Revolution of 1917 and the later Stalin era in the Soviet Union. The revolution that took place in 1917 under Stalin's rule seemed to have completely shattered the ideology of this revolution. Stalin's inconsistent actions are mocked in this novel. The book was written during World War II. At the time, Russia was fighting alongside Western democracies against the Hitler-ruled Nazis. So Russia was an ally of Britain.
The book was a scathing attack on the Soviet regime at the time, so publishers did not want any anti-Russian material to be published and British-Russian-US relations to deteriorate. That's why no publisher wanted to come forward. Orwell's manuscript was returned from four publications. Eventually, a publishing house called Seeker & Warburg published the book on various terms.
Summary of the Story
Manor firm owner Mr. Jones had been doing injustice to the animals on his farm day after day. He never fed them on time, and every day he came back from the bar drunk and tortured the animals.
This goes on for a long time. One day the oldest pig of the farm, the oldest pig, called a meeting at a certain place in the farm and all the animals of the farm were present at that meeting. The old Major hears one by one the history of torture on them. Almost every animal on the farm is in a dilapidated condition due to lack of food. The old Major heard about the liberation, about the liberation of the whole herd from this miserable condition. The need for all animals to unite, the struggle against the human race. All the animals on the old Major's farm dream of a farm that won't have an oppressive owner like Jones. Where all animals will have equal rights. Where no animal will be enslaved. Where all animals will be naked, innocent and free. All the animals of the farm are united in revolutionary consciousness.
The old Major died a few days later. But the dream of revolution does not stop. Leading this revolution is the pig, the most intelligent animal among farm animals. One day all the animals were united and expelled from the farm through a surprise attack. Jones. Then begins the complete animal kingdom. ‘Manor Farm’ was renamed ‘Animal Farm’. Horse saddles, thongs, whips, and all such things are burned in the fire, reminiscent of the history of animal subjugation. In order to establish ‘animalism’ in the farm, 6 principles were unanimously adopted, which must be followed for all the animals on the farm. The principles are written on the walls of the farm in front of all the animals.
‘Napoleon’ and ‘Snowball’ were among those who took the main initiative and various plans to realize his dream of freeing the animals after the death of the old Major. The animals all work together. They plant crops on the land, pick ripe crops, thresh them as they please, and save everything for themselves. Now no one can sell their milk in the market. The eggs are not sold in the market but are stored for hatching in the coming days. Under the direction of Snowball, an educational program was undertaken for the purpose of educating animals. Various steps are taken for the beautiful future of animals.
In the meantime, one day the pigeons suddenly brought the news that Mr. Jones is coming to the animal farm with some people with guns. The animals all became frightened. Then will the animal farm of their dreams be recaptured by the oppressive Mr. Jones?
The events are concentrated. One day Napoleon went to the meeting to argue for the establishment of a windmill for the power of snowball animals. At his roar suddenly came some fierce dogs whose farm animals no one had ever seen before. The dogs chased Snowball violently at Napoleon's command and drove him away from the farm.
This surprised many animals on the farm. These dogs were basically Napoleon's special dog breed, which Napoleon had raised in a secret room for so long. In the incident, Napoleon's opponents were captured by the dogs. And those who do not dare to oppose remain silent. Everyone is told that since pigs are running the animal farm with their talents, they need to eat more than other animals.
Napoleon gradually began to behave autocratically and began to make all decisions alone to manage the firm. While other animals begin to view these activities of pigs with suspicion, pig squirrels mean that all this is being done for the good of the animal farm. Squeeler presents all of Napoleon's work to the animals. At one time there was a severe shortage of food on the farm, but the pigs had no problem.
Meanwhile, one day, Napoleon, the anti-windmill, changed his tune and announced that the windmill should be built, and told the animals that the idea and design of the windmill was his. In addition to reducing the allocation of animal feed to meet the cost of windmills, the daily working hours are increased, while the allocation of feed to pigs is not reduced. They don't have to do much, they just supervise. Hardworking horse boxer and clover are two important characters in the novel. Although Boxer is old, he works hard to develop the farm as instructed by Napoleon. He also dreamed of an animal farm that the old Major had dreamed of.
Rebellion is the ultimate punishment for rebellion if Napoleon is not listened to. Dissatisfaction is growing among the farm animals but no one dares to say anything. Gradually, all the principles disappeared from the walls of the farm. Once all the policies are removed from the walls.
Pigs go beyond the norm and engage in various activities with humans. And for their actions, Napoleon's flattering squirrel, like himself, argues with the animals. As the days go by, the seasons change. A lot has changed in animal farms, but what has changed in the plight of the animals?
Animal farm when the metaphor of socialist Russia
George Orwell portrayed the then Soviet Union, mainly through animal farms. The ‘animalism’ established on the farm basically meant the ‘socialism’ of the then socialist Russia. Mr. Jones depicts Tsar Nicholas, the oppressive ruler of pre-revolutionary Russia. The socialist revolution of 1917 led by Lenin has been portrayed through the animal revolution. Lenin is portrayed by the old Major of the Farm, some say Karl Marx. Just as the old Major inspired the revolution by dreaming of animalism and died before the fruits of the revolution, so Lenin led the socialist revolution and died soon after the revolution.
The novel Snowball depicts Trotsky, one of the organizers of the October Revolution of 1919 in Soviet Russia. And Napoleon portrayed Stalin, the then dictator of socialist Russia. After Lenin's death at the end of the socialist revolution in Russia, Trotsky was expelled from Soviet Russia at Stalin's behest and killed by Stalin's special secret service, the KGB.
The hardworking horse boxer in the novel depicts the workers of the then socialist Russia. Just as boxers worked hard for a dream animal farm and obeyed Napoleon's instructions, so did ordinary workers in socialist Russia. They unanimously accepted all the instructions of Stalin only with the aim of establishing a socialist state of equality and freedom. Stalin's five-year plan is meant through the novel's windmill. The dramatic rest of the novel comes when the pigs keep the apples and milk for themselves. In 1921, a strike against the Soviet regime began in Leningrad in protest of such deprivation. And in support of this strike, the sailors revolted at Kronastadr. Orwell's novel depicts the revolt of the sailors of the then Soviet Union through the revolt of chickens in protest of the sale of eggs.
Another important character in the novel is reflected in the media of the then Stalinist Soviet Union through Schuler. Just as the Soviet media at the time portrayed Stalin as a great ruler to the outside world, so in the novel, Schweiler analyzed all of Napoleon's works to animals.
Mr. of the novel. Adolf Hitler is portrayed by Frederick. The Battle of the Air Force is a reflection of Soviet Russia's participation in World War II, especially the Battle of Stalingrad. Napoleon m. Defeating Frederick, Stalin also defeated Hitler in the Battle of Stalingrad. Mr. playing cards and drinking. Frederick and m. Napoleon's friendship with Pilkington is depicted, referring to the 1943 Tehran Conference, where Stalin, Winston Churchill, and Franklin D. Roosevelt met to establish a lasting peace. The fact that Orwell mocked Napoleon and Mr. Through the incident of Pilkington playing cards with each other.
Although Animal Farm is primarily a satirical essay on the Russian Revolution, its application is widespread. The author has named such a revolution as 'violent conspiratorial revolution'. Power-hungry people are blindly behind this revolution and in the aftermath of this revolution only power changes, true equality does not come. The radical change of this revolution will come only when the people are aware of their rights and are aware of the irregularities so that they can overthrow the dictatorial leaders. This dark image of human society is so vividly illustrated by the symbolic connotations of animals that the story, the humor, does not in any way detract from the original meaning, nor does Orwell deviate in the slightest from his conscious goal. To him, humor means stopping human rhetoric and for that he has presented people in the form of animals.
"They're so ridiculous because we have cartoons among the animals," he said. According to Orwell, the main goal of any kind of comedy, even pure fantasy, is to bring people down to earth. Orwell said another nice thing, "Don't humiliate people, but remind them that they have already been humiliated." As good a story as Animal Farm is, its attack is just as strong. Interestingly, at the very beginning some readers took this book as a mere story of an animal.
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